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Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid
Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds. The largest single use ofacetic acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and ester production. The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is comparatively small.
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What is Acetic Acid?
Acetic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3COOH. It is a carboxylic acid consisting of a methyl group that is attached to a carboxyl functional group. The systematic IUPAC name of acetic acid is ethanoic acid and its chemical formula can also be written as C2H4O2. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water and contains between 5% to 20% ethanoic acid by volume. The pungent smell and the sour taste is characteristic of the acetic acid present in it.
An undiluted solution of acetic acid is commonly referred to as glacial acetic acid. It forms crystals which appear like ice at temperatures below 16.6oC. It has a wide range of applications as a polar, protic solvent. In the field of analytical chemistry, glacial acetic acid is widely used in order to estimate substances that are weakly alkaline.
Structure of CH3COOH
- It can be observed in the solid-state of acetic acid that there is a chain of molecules wherein individual molecules are connected to each other via hydrogen bonds.
- Dimers of ethanoic acid in its vapour phase can be found at temperatures approximating to 120o
- Even in the liquid phase of ethanoic acid, its dimers can be found when it is present in a dilute solution. These dimers are adversely affected by solvents that promote hydrogen bonding.
- The structure of acetic acid is given by CH3(C=O)OH, or CH3CO2
The structure of acetic acid is illustrated below.
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Feature:
Acetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid because it contains only one "COOH"group. It has a sour taste and pungent smell. It is the main component of vinegar. Vinegar is typically 3-7% solution of acetic acid in water.
Properties of Acetic Acid
Even though ethanoic acid is considered to be a weak acid, in its concentrated form, it possesses strong corrosive powers and can even attack the human skin if exposed to it. Some general properties of acetic acid are listed below.
- Ethanoic acid appears to be a colourless liquid and has a pungent smell.
- At STP, the melting and boiling points of ethanoic acid are 289K and 391K respectively.
- The molar mass of acetic acid is 60.052 g/mol and its density in the liquid form is 1.049 g.cm-3.
- The carboxyl functional group in ethanoic acid can cause ionization of the compound, given by the reaction: CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO– + H+
- The release of the proton, described by the equilibrium reaction above, is the root cause of the acidic quality of acetic acid.
- The acid dissociation constant (pKa) of ethanoic acid in a solution of water is 4.76.
- The conjugate base of acetic acid is acetate, given by CH3COO–.
- The pH of an ethanoic acid solution of 1.0M concentration is 2.4, which implies that it does not dissociate completely.
- In its liquid form, acetic acid is a polar, protic solvent, with a dielectric constant of 6.2.
The metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in many animals is centred around the binding of acetic acid to coenzyme A. Generally, this compound is produced via the reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation of methanol).
Uses of Acetic Acid
Ethanoic acid is a very important organic compound in the day to day lives of humans. Some of the important uses of acetic acid are listed below.
- Acetic acid is used as an antiseptic due to its antibacterial qualities
- The manufacture of rayon fibre involves the use of ethanoic acid.
- Medically, acetic acid has been employed to treat cancer by its direct injection into the tumour.
- Being the major constituent of vinegar, it finds use in the pickling of many vegetables.
- The manufacture of rubber involves the use of ethanoic acid. It is also used in the manufacture of various perfumes.
- It is widely used in the production of VAM (vinyl acetate monomer).
- When two molecules of acetic acid undergo a condensation reaction together, the product formed is acetic anhydride.
Acetic Acid as a Solvent
In its liquid state, CH3COOH is a hydrophile (readily dissolves in water) and also a polar, protic solvent. A mixture of acetic acid and water is, in this manner, similar to a mixture of ethanol and water. Acetic acid also forms miscible mixtures with hexane, chloroform, and several oils. However, it does not form miscible mixtures with long-chain alkanes (such as octane).
The desirable solvent properties of acetic acid, along with its ability to form miscible mixtures with both polar and non-polar compounds, make it a very important industrial solvent. It is widely used in the industrial preparation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT).
Packing Details:
Our Acetic Acid comes in following Packs:
- 50 Kg Jar
Payment Terms
Against order & Performa Invoice
Nature of Business: Suppliers, Manufacturers, Dealers, Exporters & Importers & Wholesalers | Area: Kolkata | Item Name: Acetic Acid